10 Things We Do Not Like About Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is prone to populist tendencies. It's still better than expected.
The country is searching for an entirely new model of development. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relations continues to influence the way we live. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend that is emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times, the ancestors to modern Koreans were capable of surviving by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. They established tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also established a metallurgy industry, producing iron tools, including bronze. They traded with other states and introduced cedon papermaking block printing art styles, and writing to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon came into existence on the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. At this time the inhabitants of Buyeo became part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical state with the monarch and top officials were from the aristocracy of the land, whereas the majority of the population was peasants. The state took taxes from these citizens, and sometimes required them to join the army or construct fortifications.
Onjo Prince Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo and the state of Baekje at the end of the time. The new kingdom expanded its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and clashed with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the region. Baekje accepted Confucian ideas into its state beliefs system in 1390 CE, and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety into a doctrine. Under the guise filiopiety, fathers were accountable to their families. They were expected to be obeyed by all and respected by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a country that ruled from 918 until 1392 CE in the year 1392 CE, introduced to the world the Hangul Alphabet based upon the shapes created by the mouth when it pronounces. This greatly improved communication and led to an increase in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metallic type printing was introduced and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.
The evolution of Korea
The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times until. Early evidence of human settlements is evident in the form cist graves that were lined with stone, and decorated with precious items such as amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, and made from single large stones are common in the country.
In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognizable political state. The peninsula was then ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern region of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not believe to be a real Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. Of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all but its dynasty dissolved when Goguryeo was defeated in 676 CE leaving the southern provinces of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy flourished for a short time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to cooperate to expand their territories. Silla, with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase, its development paradigm appears to be changing. The people who are awed by the huge cost of the old system are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand, people who support the old system seek to preserve it through nationalist sentiments and by inflating fears about potential job loss.
Academic and policy analysts remain in a tense debate about the extent to these two developments are driving Koreas development towards a new model of economic governance. This article examines developments to date by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development including democratic illiberalism (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and democratic participation (2002 to present). This article also highlights important factors that appear to influence these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. The creationists have been successful in promoting their views among this group. A survey from 2009 showed that almost one-third of respondents were against evolution. Of the respondents, 41% stated that there was not enough scientific evidence to support evolution; 39% said the theory was in contradiction to their religious beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to grasp. This level of doubt is comparable to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier types of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea focused primarily on teaching students and the introduction of Christ to them. In 1980 the year 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the main speakers. The event was attended by a large number of pastors, professors, church leaders, and scientists.
The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31 1981. The inauguration meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also attracted a lot of attention.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, which covered its activities and also published articles on the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR, as well as some books on the subject that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures at universities and churches throughout the country.
One example of a KACR success story was at the KAIST university in Seoul. There, enough students were interested in creationism that they raised enough money and support needed to build a small museum on campus featuring creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly publication called CREATION. This magazine covers topics that pertain to the science of creation. 에볼루션 룰렛 hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established local branches that conduct seminars and present talks to children in schools and community groups.
The evolution of South Korea
In the late 19th century and beginning of 20th, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced with miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements from abroad. Similar to the way traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary rock and roll and jazz. During this period the samulnori, or the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic dances were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and various types of musical instruments.
The economic crisis has formed Korea's new model of development. The new regime's main challenge is the balance between the state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also involves rethinking the incentives, monitoring, and disciplining policies that been a part of the system prior to the crisis. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established in the middle of the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas, and migrants from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. The kingdom was in constant conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders at the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital and held control over a portion of the present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla and later joined Baekje into Goryeo and acted as a peaceful successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the central government system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From that point the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually developed into powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.